Hom kev laus, kev kuaj kev laus thiab kev tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer
01 Cov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv polymer
Cov ntaub ntawv polymer, vim lawv cov khoom zoo heev xws li lub teeb yuag, siab zog, kub tsis kam, thiab corrosion kuj, tam sim no tau siv dav hauv ntau lub teb xws li high-end manufacturing, hluav taws xob cov ntaub ntawv, tsheb thauj mus los, kev txuag hluav taws xob, aerospace, thiab lub teb chaws. kev tiv thaiv thiab tub rog kev lag luam. ua lub luag haujlwm loj.
Nws tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam, tab sis kuj yog ib qho kev lag luam ua lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws;
Nws tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev lag luam tawm tswv yim hauv kev lag luam petrochemical, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov khoom lag luam tawm tswv yim xws li cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob, aerospace, kev tiv thaiv hauv teb chaws, thiab lub zog tshiab;
Tsis tsuas yog nws muaj cov ntsiab lus thev naus laus zis siab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv, nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm kev lag luam petrochemical.
Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv polymer yeej ib txwm yog qhov chaw tsim kho uas tsim lub teb chaws thiab cov tuam txhab sib txawv tau muab qhov tseem ceeb rau. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog muab qhov chaw ua lag luam dav dav rau kev lag luam cov ntaub ntawv polymer tshiab, tab sis kuj tso siab rau cov kev xav tau siab dua rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, qib kev ntseeg tau, thiab kev txhawb nqa.
Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas kom ua tiav cov haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv polymer raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob, cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab kev loj hlob ecological tau nyiam ntau thiab ntau dua. Kev laus yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev ntseeg tau thiab ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer.
02 Kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer
Thaum lub sij hawm ua, cia thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv polymer, vim yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom sab hauv thiab sab nraud, lawv cov khoom maj mam deteriorate thiab thaum kawg poob lawv cov nqi siv. Qhov tshwm sim no belongs rau kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer.
Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov khoom siv pov tseg xwb, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo loj dua vim kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm, thiab cov khoom decomposition los ntawm kev laus kuj tuaj yeem ua paug rau ib puag ncig.
Vim muaj ntau hom polymers thiab kev siv sib txawv, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev laus thiab cov yam ntxwv. Feem ntau, kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub hom kev hloov pauv hauv qab no:
1. Kev hloov ntawm qhov tsos
Cov tsos ntawm stains, me ntsis, streaks, tawg, tawg, chalking, stickiness, warping, ntses qhov muag, wrinkling, shrinkage, scorching, optical distortion, thiab kev hloov ntawm optical xim.
2. Kev hloov ntawm lub cev muaj zog
Xws li kev hloov pauv hauv solubility, o, rheological zog, txias tsis kam, kub tsis kam, dej permeability, huab cua permeability thiab lwm yam khoom.
3. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab
Kev hloov ntawm tensile lub zog, flexural zog, shear lub zog, cuam tshuam lub zog, txheeb ze elongation, kev ntxhov siab so thiab lwm yam khoom.
4. Hloov cov khoom hluav taws xob
Xws li kev hloov pauv hauv qhov chaw tsis kam, ntim tsis kam, dielectric tas li, hluav taws xob tawg lub zog, thiab lwm yam.
03 Yam ua rau kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer
1. Macro tsom xam
Vim tias thaum lub sij hawm ua thiab siv cov polymers, lawv yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig xws li cua sov, oxygen, dej, lub teeb, kab mob, thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv yuav raug hloov pauv, thiab lawv lub cev lub cev kuj tseem yuav hloov raws li. Deterioration, xws li hardness, stickiness, brittleness, discoloration, poob ntawm lub zog, thiab lwm yam. Cov kev hloov thiab tshwm sim no hu ua kev laus.
2. Kev tshuaj xyuas microscopic
High molecular polymers yuav tsim lub xeev zoo siab molecules nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tshav kub los yog lub teeb. Thaum lub zog siab txaus, cov saw hlau molecular yuav tawg los ua cov dawb radicals. Cov dawb radicals tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov polymer, txuas ntxiv ua rau degradation, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau kev sib txuas.
Yog tias cov pa oxygen lossis ozone nyob hauv ib puag ncig, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation yuav raug ntxias kom tsim hydroperoxides (ROOH), uas yuav ntxiv decompose rau hauv carbonyl pawg.
Yog hais tias muaj cov residual catalyst hlau ions nyob rau hauv lub polymer, los yog hlau ions xws li tooj liab, hlau, manganese, cobalt, thiab lwm yam yog qhia thaum lub sij hawm ua thiab siv, lub oxidative degradation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub polymer yuav ceev.
04 Aging Test
Hauv kev txhim kho lossis txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lawv lub neej kev pabcuam lossis kev tiv thaiv kev laus, yuav tsum tau kuaj kev laus. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas kev laus muaj xws li kev laus hauv ntuj thiab kev kuaj kev laus sai.
1.Natural aging
Natural aging yog nthuav tawm cov khoom qauv ncaj qha mus rau ib puag ncig ntuj. Feem ntau cov qauv yog ntsia rau ntawm qhov raug khib ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse. Lub kaum sab xis feem ntau yog 5 degree, 45 degree, thiab 90 degree. Cov qauv ntsuas cuam tshuam suav nrog ISO 877 Plastics - Cov txheej txheem raug rau lub hnub ci; TS EN ISO 2810 Cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish - Ntuj huab cua ntawm cov txheej txheem - Kev pom thiab kev ntsuam xyuas; ASTMG7 Txuj Kev Xyaum rau Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials, thiab lwm yam.
Txoj kev kuaj kev laus ntawm ntuj yog qhov yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis, tab sis nws lub voj voog ntsuas ntev dhau lawm, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim nws yog ib puag ncig ntuj thiab huab cua tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau, txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom rov ua dua ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev sim, kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw sim yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Tebchaws Asmeskas tau tsim ib thaj chaw huab cua hauv South Florida xyoo 1931, uas yog ib qho qauv kub thiab huab cua huab cua nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Qhov chaw sim tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Arizona yog qhov chaw ua kom sov qhuav. Lub Turpan Exposure Test Site ntawm kuv lub teb chaws National Motor Vehicle Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center kuj yog ib qhov chaw raug huab cua qhuav thiab kub kub. Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws hauv thaj tsam Turpan txij lub Tsib Hlis mus txog Lub Yim Hli yog siab tshaj 40 degree, qhov kub siab tshaj plaws yog 49.6 degree, thiab qhov nruab nrab nag lossis daus txhua xyoo tsuas yog 8 hli. Qhov chaw raug nyob hauv Qionghai, Hainan muaj cov huab cua kub thiab av noo. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub yog 27.4 degree, thiab qhov nruab nrab nag lossis daus txhua xyoo yog siab li 2134 hli.
2. Accelerated aging hauv chav kuaj
Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas lub voj voog thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv kev laus sai dua, lub chaw kuaj mob feem ntau siv cov teeb pom kev zoo los simulate hnub ci hluav taws xob, sib txawv kub, av noo thiab nag, thiab lwm yam, thiab tuaj yeem simulate ntau yam huab cua.
1) Kev xaiv lub teeb ci
Feem ntau siv cov teeb pom kev zoo xws li xenon arc teeb, hlau halide teeb thiab ultraviolet fluorescent teeb. UV fluorescent teeb muaj peev xwm simulate hnub ci zoo heev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-yoj UV thiab luv-yoj UV ntau yam. Xenon arc teeb thiab hlau halide teeb tuaj yeem simulate hnub ci zoo nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov spectrum. Yog li ntawd, cov chav kuaj uas siv xenon teeb thiab hlau halide teeb raws li qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem simulate hnub ci hluav taws xob zoo, thaum lub hnub nyoog laus uas siv cov teeb fluorescent ultraviolet tsis yog los xyaum lub hnub ci, tab sis tsuas yog simulate cov hnub ci kev laus. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov thawv laus hauv khw uas siv cov roj carbon arc teeb ua lub teeb ci. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pa roj carbon arc spectrum tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub hnub ci spectrum, thiab kev siv cov pa roj carbon arc teeb kuaj yog vim li cas keeb kwm.
2) Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev laus kom nrawm
Kev sib raug zoo yog hais txog qhov sib xws ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev laus sai hauv chav kuaj thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev laus ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qhov chaw siv tiag. Tsuas yog thaum qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev laus nrawm yog qhov cuam tshuam nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov huab cua tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kwv yees qhov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom. Kev ntsuas tsis tsim nyog nrawm yuav txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntsuas thiab txawm tias poob nws lub ntsiab lus.
3) Txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev laus hauv cov chaw soj nstuam
Raws li tau hais thaum pib, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom laus muaj xws li hnub ci hluav taws xob, kub, dej thiab lwm yam. Kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov xwm txheej no, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov yooj yim superposition ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm ntau yam. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lawv kuj yuav tsum tau xav txog. Yog li ntawd, kev simulation ntau dua ntawm qhov siv tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Piv txwv li, raws li ISO 20340 tus qauv, kev xeem yog raws li lub voj voog ntawm 7 hnub. Hnub tim 1 txog rau hnub tim 3, kev ntsuam xyuas UV nrog lub teeb thiab lub voj voog tsaus yog ua raws li ISO 11507. Hnub tim 4 txog rau 6th, kev ntsuas ntsev ntsev tau ua raws li ISO 9227. Hnub 7 ({{9} } Kev ntsuas kub qis ntawm ± 2) degree . Piv nrog rau cov kev ntsuas huab cua ib txwm muaj, nws koom ua ke ntau qhov cuam tshuam kev laus thiab muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov kev siv tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom, yog li nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev laus ntawm cov khoom. Peb paub tias pwm, ozone concentration, thiab lwm yam. txhua yam muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev laus ntawm cov khoom yas. Yuav ua li cas koom ua ke ntau yam kev laus hauv kev sim yuav yog ib qho ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob sai hauv cov chaw kuaj mob.
05 Txoj kev los tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer
Tam sim no, txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los txhim kho thiab txhim kho cov khoom tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
1. Kev tiv thaiv lub cev (xws li thickening, painting, txheej txheej compounding, thiab lwm yam)
Kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog photooxygen aging, thawj zaug pib ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom los yog cov khoom, manifesting li discoloration, hmoov, tawg, gloss poob, thiab lwm yam., thiab ces maj mam nkag mus rau hauv lub sab hauv. Cov khoom nyias nyias muaj peev xwm ua tsis tiav ntxov dua li cov khoom tuab, yog li kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv los ntawm thickening cov khoom. Rau cov khoom uas muaj kev laus, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheej nrog cov huab cua zoo rau ntawm qhov chaw, los yog sib xyaw cov khoom siv nrog cov huab cua zoo nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm cov khoom los txuas cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv rau saum npoo. khoom. Txo cov txheej txheem kev laus.
2. Txhim kho kev siv tshuab
Ntau cov ntaub ntawv kuj muaj teeb meem kev laus thaum lub sij hawm synthesis lossis npaj txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov cua sov thaum lub sij hawm polymerization, thermal oxygen aging thaum lub sij hawm ua, thiab lwm yam, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm oxygen tuaj yeem txo tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom tshem tawm oxygen los yog lub tshuab nqus tsev thaum lub sij hawm polymerization los yog ua. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no tsuas tuaj yeem lav qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv thaum nws tawm hauv lub Hoobkas, thiab txoj kev no tsuas yog siv tau los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom npaj, thiab tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem kev laus thaum nws rov ua dua thiab siv.
3. Kev tsim qauv lossis kev hloov kho ntawm cov khoom siv polymer
Ntau cov ntaub ntawv polymer muaj cov pab pawg uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev laus hauv lawv cov qauv molecular. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev tsim qauv molecular ntawm cov khoom siv, hloov cov pab pawg uas nquag mus rau kev laus nrog cov pab pawg uas tsis muaj kev laus tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Los yog, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm lossis cov qauv nrog cov teebmeem kev laus tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov saw hlau polymer los ntawm grafting lossis copolymerization, muab cov khoom nws tus kheej zoo heev los tiv thaiv kev laus. Qhov no kuj yog ib txoj kev uas feem ntau siv los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, tab sis tus nqi kuj yog siab heev. High, loj-scale ntau lawm thiab daim ntawv thov tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav rau lub sijhawm.
4. Ntxiv anti-aging additives
Tam sim no, ib txoj hauv kev zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig los txhim kho kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer yog ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus, uas tau siv dav vim lawv cov nqi qis thiab tsis muaj kev hloov pauv rau cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus no:
Direct ntxiv txoj kev ntawm additives: uas yog, lub anti-aging additive (hmoov los yog kua) ncaj qha tov thiab nplawm nrog raw cov ntaub ntawv xws li cob, thiab ces extruded rau granulation los yog txhaj molding, thiab lwm yam. Vim hais tias qhov no ntxiv txoj kev yog yooj yim thiab yooj yim. los siv, nws yog dav siv los ntawm feem ntau ntawm pelletizing thiab txhaj tshuaj molding factories.
Anti-aging masterbatch ntxiv txoj kev: Cov neeg tsim khoom uas xav tau ntau dua rau cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem ntxiv los tiv thaiv kev laus masterbatch thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Anti-aging masterbatch yog tau los ntawm kev siv cov khoom tsim nyog raws li tus neeg nqa khoom, sib xyaw nrog ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab tom qab ntawd co-extruded thiab granulated los ntawm ntxaib-ntsia hlau extruder. Nws daim ntawv thov kom zoo dua yog siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus hauv cov txheej txheem kev npaj masterbatch. Ua ntej, ua ntej dispersion tiav, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv cov txheej txheem ua khoom tom qab, cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kev laus yog theem nrab dispersed, ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov additives hauv cov khoom siv polymer matrix, uas tsis tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. khoom, tab sis kuj Nws zam plua plav paug thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, ua ntau lawm ntsuab thiab environmentally friendly.